Ligusticum root (also referred to as ‘cnidium’) is used orally in formulas to treat a wide variety of disorders that involve pain or poor blood circulation. It has been shown to dilate the coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart muscle and lower oxygen consumption of the heart muscle. It improves blood flow to the brain and limbs and lowers the resistance of the peripheral blood vessels. It also has the following actions: antispasmodic, analgesic antibiotic, anti-coagulation of platelets, inhibits the activity of tyrosinase and thus helps to eliminate age spots (brown spots) and speckles.